一英国佬眼中的北京电车

trolleyjolly

收到车友转发的一位英国车迷写的关于北京电车的报告，我不知道此公的名姓和年龄，但极有可能是一位曾经生活在英国尚有电车年代中的老人，虽然电车在他的家乡故土已消声蹑迹几十年，可电车情结不减当年。大家不妨仔细。

1 Beijing

There are 15-16 Trolleybus routes in Beijing and the system is still being
extended. New vehicles are on order and are currently being supplied in
preparation for the 2008 Olympic Games to be held in the Chinese Capital.

Unlike Shanghai and Guangzhou, Beijing is renewing its high capacity articulated fleet, although many routes are operated by rigid vehicles. The older articulated trolleys had a driver and two conductors while the newer rigid trolleybuses are one-person operated. The fare is $1.00 for non air-conditioned trolleys and $2.00 for air-conditioned ones.

The system has several interesting features, particularly the measures to
accommodate dislike of overhead catenary in sensitive areas. I use the word
catenary advisedly since much of the overhead is of the Russian style with
the contact wires suspended below support cables along the roadway which
are in turn held by span wires across or bracket arms extending above the
road. All the routes crossing the main east-west boulevard or operating
through the central shopping streets do so using battery power. Unlike the
UK, where batteries might propel a trolleybus a mile or so at 5 mph, those
in Beijing permit quite smart acceleration and several kilometres range
at 30-40 kph. After crossing the visually sensitive areas the trolleybuses
are driven into a marked box on the highway where the driver depresses a
button to raise the trolley booms hydraulically into inverted V-shaped re-wiring
troughs on the overhead. During the remainder of the journey the batteries
are recharged ready for the return trip. I suspect that it would be much
cheaper to use a car-engine driven generator as I understand that the batteries
have only 12 months’ life and are very heavy and expensive.
Several sections of wired route cover urban motorway style roads, where
the trolleybuses sweep across from their kerbside stops on service roads
to join fast-moving traffic on 3-lane highways, under, over and along viaducts
in places. Some sections have as many as five routes traversing them, with
several other sections having four or three routes together.
The Beijing undertaking supplied the initial overhead for the Hong Kong
trolleybus test track, which Citybus staff subsequently extended to make
a complete peripheral circle. This was not catenary-style, but conventional
wiring mainly supported by bracket arms.
I believe that a BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) line is being tried north and south
of the City Centre with central islands and offside door equipped vehicles,
but for reasons beyond me, diesel buses are being (or have been) acquired
although such a route would be ideal for trolleybuses.

小宇

$2.00 for air-conditioned ones
这句话是说北京空调电车2元吗？

trolleyjolly

正是，不过北京的空调电车就两台吧。

zturbop

终于看完了
老外也对脱线行驶好奇，呵呵
我同意他说的BRT应该用电车的观点

小宇

对，好象85892和85893。
不过好象不是2元，就是1元。

jhmap

The fare is $1.00 for non air-conditioned trolleys and $2.00 for air-conditioned ones.  这不对，空调电车现在没有的。

I suspect that it would be much cheaper to use a car-engine driven generator as I understand that the batteries have only 12 months’ life and are very heavy and expensive. 说得好，我认为北京电车卖的票款也就够买蓄电池的。

The Beijing undertaking supplied the initial overhead for the Hong Kong
trolleybus test track, which Citybus staff subsequently extended to make
a complete peripheral circle. 这个人对两种架空线还是有些认识的。

but for reasons beyond me, diesel buses are being (or have been) acquired
although such a route would be ideal for trolleybuses. 和电车公司想的一样。

这个人对北京电车的认识有水平！

trolleyjolly

我也记得论坛里以前有人说是 $2。00，    而且不通月票，所以生意清淡嘛，到底
$1。00 还是$2。00？

zturbop

85892和85893就没开过空调，一直是1元。

北客京华1

Originally posted by zturbop at 2005-6-15 11:52 PM:
85892和85893就没开过空调，一直是1元。

记得谁说过，这两个车有一个开空调运营过，不过不确定。

trolleyjolly

北京电车脱线是一大看点，2000年时有一温哥华车友来问我到北京游览应看些什么景
致，我说你一定要去王府井看脱线，当年还只有王府井一地有脱线。他本人是电车
司机，看了以后果然对此赞不绝口，通过他带回的照片我才第一次见识了北京新一
代的单机车 BJD-120，感觉造型还是很匀称，比SK5105的好看。

jhmap

Originally posted by trolleyjolly at 2005-6-16 12:01 AM:
北京电车脱线是一大看点，2000年时有一温哥华车友来问我到北京游览应看些什么景
致，我说你一定要去王府井看脱线，当年还只有王府井一地有脱线。他本人是电车
司机，看了以后果然对此赞不绝口，通过他带回的照片 ...

北京电车脱线是一大看点，但是从经济角度来讲，考虑到蓄电池的成本和寿命，北京电车卖的那点儿票款，大部分都得用去买蓄电池了。

zturbop

脱线是无奈之举，它用的电池还算便宜的，要是用锂电，5块一张票也赔钱

trolleyjolly

所以说如果装一台小型柴油发电机会更经济实蕙些。

zturbop

那就成HEV了，非常复杂，没有那么简单

SKODA

小型柴油机的使用成本是低于使用电池的，只是国内技术确实不敢恭维，没有那家厂能突破这难题。
早年捷克的Hradec-Kralove为了在一段没有线网的地方运行无轨电车，硬是在SKODA-14TR屁股后面加挂一个柴油机拖斗使其运行。研究双源无轨电车技术最早并大面积使用是德国城市ESSLINGEN，早在70年代中期，该市利用一台BENZ-O305G柴油铰接车将其改造成最早的双源驱动的无轨电车，也就是最早的DUO-BUS，而后进行推广，此车为纯粹的双能源车，B桥和C桥个自有自己的推进系统，互不干扰，和现在的利用小型柴油机发电的模式有着根本的不同，之后现在BENZ-O405G上得到全面的推广。

下图一：
81年，SKODA-14TR在做柴油机发电推进电车的路试。
下图二、三：
分别为BENZ-O305GTD在79年的路试和O405GTD在使用柴油机推进通过没有线网的路段