美国无轨电车的归类问题，SARGE 请进

trolleyjolly

您以前不是问我美国无轨电车在交通管理上市属于铁路车辆还是机动车，我把我所得
到的回覆汇总一下，不高兴翻译了，反正你英语也好得很。

旧金山新图装的 Flyer E800 电车5300号在车顶印了牌照号码 CA 49819，有人询问
这一做法的目的，于是我借题引出了关于美国无轨电车的车辆归类问题。

??????
Compliments of Zachary

----- Original Message -----
From: "Matt Lee" <valkyriemlee@yahoo.com>
To: <SFMuniHistory@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2006 9:00 PM
Subject: Re: [SFMuniHistory] CA49819

>I notice the CA 49819 first began appearing on the late 1980's and were
>mainly on the motor Coach fleet. Do not believe when the MANs and Flyers
>delivered in 1984 had the CA 49819. Fleet beginning with the 88/8900 NF had
>CA 49819.
>
> Anyway, as stated the number was required for motor vehicle, but Trolley
> coaches are not technically motor vehicles since they rely on outside
> power source whereas diesel buses had a combustible diesel engine etc....

I'm wondering in the U.S. is trolley-bus defined as a rail-way vehicle, if
so, does trolley-bus have to acquire a different type of insurance?

回覆 1.
The definition of a motor vehicle is defined by a state or province’s vehicle code.  In California, Washington, Pennsylvania, B.C and Alberta, trolley coaches are motor vehicles and require license plates and drivers of such vehicles must have the appropriate commercial drivers’ license (CDL).

In Ohio and (I think) Massachusetts, they aren’t considered motor vehicles and don’t have the same statutory requirements.  However, most transit systems treat them like any other bus.  Even though the state may not require CDL’s and license plates, the transit agency still assumes the risk of operating them.  For insurance purposes, the risk is very similar to a motor coach.  What you lose on the lack of freeway operation, you make up by the damage caused by a errant trolley pole doing property damage.

回覆 2. (继续上面关于车辆保险的问题)
I expect that (the few) US TC operators are self-insured up to a pretty high amount with excess liability insurance perhaps through some central source.  I seem to remember that a captive insurer for the excess was set up some years ago by the major operators.  Once a claim punches thorough to the excess insurance, it doesn't matter much what type of vehicle was involved.

回覆 3. (宾夕法尼亚州的定义)

In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a trolley coach is a trolley, not
a motor vehicle. No license is required by the state to drive a
trolley coach or a streetcar. However, SEPTA in Philadelphia, the
only operator of trolley coaches in PA requires all of its operators
to have CDLs with appropriate endorsements to operate a motor bus so
that they can drive buses. In fact, you must have at least a standard
driver's license simply to work for SEPTA. Mechanics that operate
trolleys do not have to have a motor bus CDL.

Trackless trolleys traditionally did not need license plates however
the AMG coaches wound up getting them shortly before they were parked
and the service suspended. I suspect the new coaches will have them
as well.

Matthew Mummert


回覆 4. (麻萨诸塞州)

Hello:

In Massachusetts, Trackless Trolleys (Trolley Coaches) were considered streetcars as they were tied to the wire and did not require plates and the drivers did not need to have a drivers license.  There are a number of amusing stories about the big trolley coach division in Dorchester-Roxbury (9 lines) in which a rookie cop would pull over a Trackless Trolley driver for some infraction and discover that besides not having plates on the vehicle, the driver did not have a drivers license.  Now I believe they require all new hires on the MBTA to have a drivers license and I think that the TT's still do not carry plates on them?

Kevin Farrell

Sarge

我英语好？太高抬我了，现在四级都没过，555
看了您的文章，总之，美国的无轨电车管理归类是随每个州的治安局的不同规范而变更的，与交通运输署居然没有关系，有点惊讶
问您个驾照问题：在美国，商业驾照对应驾驶的车种有哪些？包括市内或者城际巴士吗？

trolleyjolly

美加各不一样，加拿大是一下几种：

7号照，实习驾照，通过交通法规的笔试后即可得到，有此牌照便可在教官陪同下上
路实习。
6号照，摩托车牌。
5号照，一般的家用汽车。
4号照，出租汽车。
3号照，救护车、带空气制动，但不带拖斗的卡车、中巴。
2号照，城市公共汽车(包括铰接车)、无轨电车、省际巴士、校巴。
1号照，带空气制动和拖斗的18轮集卡。

高等级的驾照可以驾驶低等级驾照所涵盖的车种，持低等级驾照可以在教官陪同下
学习以获得高等级驾照，但摩托车照例外，无论拥有其他任何驾照都不能驾驶摩托
车，必须接受专门训练后才可获得。

美国的驾照分 A B C D 等，由各州交通部门管理，

A 相当于 1 号照
B 相当于 2、3 号照
C 相当于 4、5 号照
D 相当于 7 号照
M 相当于 6 号照

Class A

Truck tractor-semi trailer combination in which the combination weight exceeds 26,001 pounds and trailing unit exceeds 10,000 pounds and vehicles in Class B and C. Applicants must possess a Class C license before obtaining a Class A and be at least 18 years of age.

A single driver's license, with a combination of classifications, will be issued to qualified persons who wish to drive various types of vehicles.

Applicants for a driver's license in Classes A or B (non-commercial) must submit a DS form #36 (Affidavit showing minimum driving experience of 3 months and/or 3,000 miles in type of vehicle for class of license being applied for.)

Class B

Single vehicles weighing 26,001 or more pounds; may tow a trailing unit of less than 10,000 pounds; and motor vehicles included within Class C. Applicants must possess a Class C license prior to obtaining a Class B license and be at least 18 years of age.

Class C

Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating not in excess of 26,000 pounds, any such vehicle towing a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating not in excess of 10,000 pounds, any such vehicle towing a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating in excess of 10,000 pounds, provided that the combination of vehicles has a gross combined vehicle weight rating not in excess of 26,000 pounds, and any self-propelled or towed vehicle that is equipped to serve as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel purposes and is used solely as a family or personal conveyance.

Class D

Provisional license for Class C vehicles. May not operate between 12:00 midnight and 6:00 a.m. During six-month period immediately following issuance of such license any Class D license holder shall not drive when any passenger in the vehicle is not a member of driver's immediate family. For the duration of the Class D, license holders shall not drive when more than three passengers in the vehicle are less than 21 years of age. (Members of the driver’s immediate family do not count).

Class M

Motorcycles and motor-driven cycles are included in this class. An applicant must be at least 16 years of age in order to get a Class M license, but is not required to possess a Class C license before applying for this license.

Sarge

美国和加拿大的商业驾照考试是否对留学生和未加入国籍新移民有限制？最近看了篇关于CHINATOWN MINIBUS的报道对驾照管理感到迷惑不解

trolleyjolly

没有，如果有限制那成歧视了，难不成我不是公民连外出都不可以了吗？

Sarge

这样啊，也算明白了为什么美国的新移民开出租的不少，看来门槛比较低是原因
顺便问下，美国哥伦比亚特区的牌照字头是什么？Distrit of Clombia？

trolleyjolly

没见过，你 Google 一下吧